TOPIC 6: ELEMENTARY TRADING PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT | B/KEEPING FORM 1
Final accounts give a concise idea about the profitability and financial position of a business to its management, owners, and other interested parties.
All business transactions are first recorded in a journal. They are then transferred to a ledger and balanced.
GROSS PROFIT=SALES-COST OF GOODS SOLD
A profit and loss statement (P&L) is a financial statement that
summarizes the revenues, costs and expenses incurred during a specific
period of time, usually a fiscal quarter or year. These records provide
information about a company’s ability –or lack thereof –to generate
profit by increasing revenue, reducing costs, or both. The P&L
statement is also referred to as “statement of profit and loss”, “income
statement,” “statement of operations,” “statement of financial
results,” and “income and expense statement.”
EXAMPLE
Ashok and Tanaji are Partners sharing Profit and Losses in the ratio 2:3 respectively. Their Trial Balance as on 31st March, 2007 is given below. You are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March, 2007 and Balance Sheet as on that date after taking into account the given adjustments.
- Closing stock is valued at the cost of Rs. 15,000 while its market price is Rs.18,000.
- On 31st March, 2007 the stock of stationery was Rs. 500.
- Provide reserve for bad and doubtful debts at 5% on debtors.
- Depreciate building at 5% and patent rights at 10%.
- Interest on capitals is to be provided at 5% p.a
The Cost of Goods Sold
Determine the cost of goods sold
Activity 2
Determine the net profit and the net loss
