TOPIC ONE : WAYS OF LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
African countries crossed by the prime meridian are:
- Ghana
- Burkina Faso
- Algeria
- Mali
African countries crossed by each of he major latitudes of the major latitudes
a. Equator
- Uganda
- Kenya
- DRC
- Somalia
- Congo Brazzaville
- Gabon
b. Tropic of Cancer
- Egypt
- Libya
- Niger
- Chad
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Western Sahara
c. Tropic of Capricorn
- Namibia
- Botswana
- Zimbabwe
- Mozambique
- Madagascar
WAYS OF LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
THE 16 POINT COMPASS DIRECTION
WAYS OF LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
CONTINENT
A continent is a large mass of land that is surrounded by water on the surface on the earth.
There are seven continents in the world namely:
Continent size
1. Asia – 43,608,000 sq km
2. Africa – 30,335,000
3. North America – 25,349,000
4. South America – 17,611,000
5. Europe – 10,498,000
6. Australia – 07,682,000
7. Antarctica – 13,340,000
These continents are surrounded by five major oceans. They are
- Pacific ocean
- Atlantic ocean
- Indian ocean
- Arctic ocean
- Antarctic / Southern ocean
There are other water ways that border Africa like the Mediterranean sea, Red sea, and the Suez canal.
Living Together in Africa
Physical Environment
Position
– Africa lies with Latitude 37°N and 35°S and Longitude 52°E and 17°W.
– it borders the Indian OCean to the East and the Atlantic ocean to the West.
– It borders also the Mediterranean sea to the North and the Red Sea to the NorthEast.
Size
– Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
– Asia is the largest continent.
– Australia and New Zealand are the smallest
Shape
– Africa is wide to the North and narrower to the South.
– It has a regular coastline.
Position and Shape of Africa
Countries Of Africa And Their Location
Countries Of Africa And Their Location
– Seychelles is the smallest country in Africa
WAYS OF LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
Position of Africa
Africa is located between longitudes 17 W 52E and latitudes 38N 35S (latitudes)
Diagram:
A map of the world showing all the continents and the oceans.
Number and names of countries found in Northern Africa, Central Africa, Western Africa, Southern Africa Eastern Africa and athe Horn of AFrica.
Ways of locating places on a map
1. Using lines of longitudes and latitudes (Grid references method). The major longitude that crosses Africa is the Greenwich Meridian (Prime Meridian) 00
2. The major latitudes that cross Africa are basically three and they are:
- Tropic of Cancer (23 ½ N)
- Equator (0)
- Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½ S)
Note:
Longitudes are imaginary lines drawn on a map from North to South on the surface of the earth while latitudes are imaginary lines drawn on a map from East to West on the surface of the earth.
(a) Longitude is the distance east or west of Greenwich meridian.
(b) Latitude is the distance north or south of the Equator.
WAYS OF LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
Importance of longitudes and latitudes
i) Longitudes:
These are used to determine time e.g. the prime meridian. The International Date line determines days and dates
ii) Latitudes
Latitudes are used to determine climate e.g. the Equator
Both longitudes and latitudes locate places on a map.
NB:
Other major latitudes outside Africa are
- Arcatic circle
- Actarctic circle
Another major longitude outside Africa is the International Date Line (IDL) marked 1800 East.
Other ways of locating places on a map
1. Using Using compass direction.
Review of the neighbours of Uganda and East Africa using the compass direction.
- Using landmarks
- Using neighbours
N.B:
The method of locating places using longitudes and latitudes is called the Grid Reference
Method.
A map of Africa showing the major longitudes and latitudes.
WAYS OF LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
EXERCISE
1. What is a continent?
2. Name the countries in Africa crossed by
3. Greenwich meridian : ___________, ________, _______, _________
4. Equator: _______, ______, ________, _____, ________, ______, and _____
5. Name the major latitudes that cross Africa.
6. Why is the Equator marked 0?
7. Using the atlas, list all the islands and the oceans that surround Africa.
8. Name two Island countries of Africa.
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