Home BIOLOGY TOPIC 3: BALANCE OF NATURE | BIOLOGY FORM 2

TOPIC 3: BALANCE OF NATURE | BIOLOGY FORM 2

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TOPIC 3: BALANCE OF NATURE | BIOLOGY FORM 2

The Natural Environment

The Concept of Natural Environment

Explain the concept of natural environment

Natural environment is made up of all living and non living things that occur naturally on earth.

An organism living anywhere in any environment is affected by the things around it such as air, water, animals, plants, microorganism, stones, rock, soil, clouds and the sun.

Everything around it in fact makes its natural environment. It is important to understand that the environment includes all living things as well as non living things.

IMPORTANT TERMS

Ecology: is the branch of biology that deals with studying interaction oforganisms with their environment

Population: is the total number of organisms of the same species living in a certain area. Example the number of frogs in a pond

Community: this refers to the sum of total of all population of different organisms living in a specific called habitat

Habitat:
is the specific area where an organism is found and adopted. i.e it is
an appropriate for the certain community example an ocean, grassland,
and a pond

Ecosystem: refers to a natural unit made up of living and non living things whose interaction

Biotic and Abiotic Components of the Environment

Describe biotic and abiotic components of the environment

There are two components of environment,;

Biotic (living things)
Abiotic (non living things)

BIOTIC COMPONENT

These
are living components in the environment such as animals, plants,
fungi, andmicroorganisms. These organisms interact together in number of
ways and these waysof interaction include the following;

Competition
That organisms must compete for limited resources in struggle for life.
For anorganism to survive in an ecosystem it must compete with partner
for thelimited resources.

Predation Is the system in which one
organism utilize the other as food. The eater is a predator while the
eaten is a prey and a number of predators and preysregulate each other

Symbiotic
relationship This is where there is a close relationship or association
between organism sthis association could take various forms like
mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism

Adaptation Adaptation
has enabled organisms to survive. They may be anatomically structurally
physiologically or behavioral. Eg some organisms are poisoners totheir
predator while others while others develop warming colouration

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

ABIOTIC COMPONENTS

These
include non living organisms that are found in ecosystem. Example air
solar,energy, soil, and nutrients. Generally abiotic components of an
ecosystem consist ofphysical environment and they are as follows.

Climatic
factor Several change of climatic condition influence or determine the
survival of organisms in ecosystem such condition include temperature,
humidity,pressure etc

Aquatic condition Changes in the aquatic
environment and the nature of environment it is self determined by the
type of organism found in the area such a changes include water current,
wave action, salinity, etc

Light condition factor These affect much plant population where photosynthetic process depend onthe availability of light.

Soil factor/conditionThese are also adaphic factors and they include soil texture, soil structure and soil PH

Various Organism in their Natural Environment in the Community

Identify various organism in their natural environment in the community

Activity 1

Identify various organism in their natural environment in the community

The Importance of the Natural Environment

Explain the importance of the natural environment

IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

It is a source of food to organisms
It provides shelter and security for organisms
It allow living and non living things to interact
It provides an appropriate setting for organisms to reproduce andincrease in number.

Interactive of Organisms in the Environment

Ways in Which Living Organisms Interact with the Non Living Component of the Environment

Identify ways in which living organisms interact with the non living component of the environment

The following are the interaction of organism in the environment

Ground water and water from rain flow into streams and rivers
The stream and rivers flow into lakes and ocean
Water evaporate into the atmosphere from lakes and ocean and from plantsthrough transpiration
The evaporated water precipitates to form water vapor which condenses toform clouds
Wind causes clouds to move for example from above the ocean to above theland
Rain fall and absorbed by plants or form grounds water, and the cycle beginsagain..

The Interaction of Organisms among Themselves

Explain the interaction of organisms among themselves

TOPIC 3: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS | BIOLOGY FORM 4

INTERACTION AMONG LIVING ORGANISMS

CompetitionThat
organisms must compete for limited resources in struggle for life. For
anorganism to survive in an ecosystem it must compete with partner for
thelimited resources .EXAMPLE lions and leopards both hunt zebra, and so
theyare competitors

PredationIs the system in which one
organism utilize the other as food. The eater is apredator while the
eaten is a prey and a number of predators and preysregulate each other.
e,g cats eat mice

SymbiosisThis is where there is a close
relationship or association between organismsthis association could take
various forms like mutualism, commensalism, andparasitism

Mutualism
is a relationship where two organisms benefit each other forexample the
rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of legumes fix nitrogeninto
nitrate to ne used by the plant

AdaptationAdaptation has enabled
organisms to survive. They may be anatomicallystructurally
physiologically or behavioral. Eg some organisms are poisoners totheir
predator while others while others develop warming coloration

Commensalism
is the interaction that is beneficial to one organism and isneutral to
the other organism. For example when a bird builds a hole or a nestin a
tree

Parasitism is the association where one organism benefit while the other isharmed. E.g plasmodium that cause malaria to human

Food Chain and Food Web

The Meaning of Food Chain and Food Web

Explain the meaning of food chain and food web

FOOD CHAIN

Is the sequence of living things in which each organism is the food of the next in thesequence.

1. Grass →Zebra→Lion
Maize plant→grasshoppe→rFrog

→

FOOD WEB

Is made of interconnecting food chains

The Components of a Food Chain and Food Web

Mention the components of a food chain and food web

Producers

Are organism that can manufacture their own food for example green plantsand green bacteria

Primary consumers

They are organisms that feed on producers for example rabbits, buffalo andsheep

Secondary consumer

They are organisms that feed on primary consumer

Decomposers

These organisms feed on dead matter and break it down thereby facilitatingdecomposition. For example bacteria and fungi

The Difference between Food Chain and Food Web

Distinguish food chain from food web

Differences between food chain and food web

Food chain	Food web
1. It consists of the single straight pathwaythrough which food energy travels in an ecosystem	1. It consists of a number of interconnectedfood chains through which energy travelsin an ecosystem
2. Usually members of the higher trophiclevel feed upon a single type of organismsof lower trophic level	2. Usually members of the higher trophiclevel feed upon many organisms of lowertrophic level
3. Isolated or separate food chainsincreases the instability of the ecosystem	3. Presence of complex food websincreases the stability of the ecosystem
4. It does not have any effect on improvingthe adaptability and competitiveness of theorganisms	4. More complex food webs improves theadaptability and competitiveness of theorganisms

TOPIC 6: REPRODUCTION | BIOLOGY FORM 3

Diagrammatic Representation of a Food Chain and Food Web

Construct a diagrammatic representation of a food chain and food web

Food chain

Food chain example

Grass →cow→human being
Phytoplankton→fish→bird

Food web

The Significance of Food Chain and Food Web in Real Life Situation

Explain the significance of food chain and food web in real life situation

The following are the significant of food chain and food web

Food
chains and webs help in the flow of energy from producers to consumers
andfrom one trophic level to another, without which energy flow would be
impossible.

Food chain studies have had an important role in
ecotoxicology studies tracingpathways and biomagnifications of
environmental contaminants.

Learning how the food chain works
enable us to understand the importance livingorganisms that make up the
food chain and how the ecology is balanced. This iscrucial since any
interruption in food chain could lead to ecosystem imbalance.

Food chains and webs show the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

Understanding
the effect of polluting the natural environment enable us to avoid
orcontrol environmental pollution so as to maintain natural ecosystems.

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